Gabiley lies west of Hargeysa, between the city and the Awdal region, at about 1,460 metres. It is known for its farmland: the surrounding area is among the most productive in the north.

Somaliland declared independence in 1991; the Federal Government of Somalia considers it part of Somalia, and it is not recognised as a state by the United Nations or most countries.

Gabiley grew as a farming town on well-watered land. A 2014 ActionAid report found that the Maroodi Jeex and Gabiley areas produce more cereals and vegetables than all of Somaliland's other regions combined, with Gabiley contributing the larger share.

Life in the town follows the planting and harvest seasons. It is home to Timacade University.

Rain-fed farming is the backbone of the economy, with sorghum and maize the main crops alongside vegetables and fruit. Recurrent drought and declining rainfall are a growing challenge for farmers.